James Madison, 4th President of the United States

James Madison, fourth President of the United States James Madison (March 16, 1751â€June 28, 1836) filled in as Americas fourth president, exploring the nation through the War of 1812. Madison was known as the Father of the Constitution, for his job in its creation, and a man who served during a key time in the improvement of America.â Quick Facts: James Madison Known For: Americas fourth president and the Father of the ConstitutionBorn: March 16, 1751 in King George County, VirginiaParents: James Madison, Sr. what's more, Eleanor Rose Conway (Nelly), m. September 15, 1749Died: June 28, 1836 in Montpelier, VirginiaEducation: Robertsons School, College of New Jersey (which would later become Prrinceton University)Spouse: Dolley Payne Todd (m. September 15, 1794)Children: One stepson, John Payne Todd Early Life James Madison was conceived on March 16, 1751, the oldest offspring of James Madison, Sr., a ranch proprietor, and Eleanor Rose Conway (known as Nelly), the girl of a rich grower. He was conceived at his moms stepfathers estate on the Rappahannock River in King George County, Virginia, however the family before long moved to James Madison Sr.s ranch in Virginia. Montpelier, as the manor would be named in 1780, would be Madison Jr.s home for the greater part of his life. Madison had six siblings and sisters: Francis (b. 1753), Ambrose (b. 1755), Nelly (b. 1760), William (b. 1762), Sarah (b. 1764), Elizabeth (b. 1768); the estate likewise held more than 100 oppressed people. The soonest training of James Madison, Jr. was at home, most likely by his mom and grandma, and at a school situated on his dads estate. In 1758, he started going to the Robertson School, run by Scottish guide Donald Robertson, where he contemplated English, Latin, Greek, French, and Italian, just as history, number juggling, polynomial math, geometry, and topography. Somewhere in the range of 1767 and 1769, Madison concentrated under the minister Thomas Martin, who was recruited by the Madison family for that reason. Instruction Madison went to the College of New Jersey (which would become Princeton University in 1896) from 1769â€1771. He was a superb understudy and examined a scope of subjects, including speech, rationale, Latin, topography, and reasoning. Maybe more significantly, he made dear kinships at New Jersey, incorporated the American artist Philip Freneau, author Hugh Henry Brackenridge, legal advisor and legislator Gunning Bedford Jr., and William Bradford, who might turn into the subsequent lawyer general under George Washington. Be that as it may, Madison developed sick in school, and remained in Princeton after he graduated until April 1772, when he got back. He was debilitated the vast majority of his life, and present day researchers accept he likely experienced epilepsy. Early Career Madison didnt have a business when he left school, yet he before long got inspired by governmental issues, an intrigue maybe mixed yet at any rate took care of by his proceeding with correspondence with William Bradford. The political circumstance in the nation more likely than not been invigorating: his enthusiasm for opportunity from Britain was solid. His first political arrangement was as an agent to the Virginia Convention (1776), and afterward he served in the Virginia House of Delegates multiple times (1776â€1777, 1784â€1786, 1799â€1800). While in the Virginia house, he worked with George Mason to compose Virginias constitution; he likewise met and built up a deep rooted fellowship with Thomas Jefferson. Madison served on the Council of State in Virginia (1778â€1779) and afterward turned into an individual from the Continental Congress (1780â€1783). Father of the Constitution Madison originally required a Constitutional Convention in 1786, and when it was gathered in 1787 he composed the vast majority of the U.S. Constitution, which laid out a solid government. When the Convention finished, he, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton together composed the Federalist Papers, an assortment of papers that were expected to influence general assessment to approving the new Constitution. Madison filled in as a U.S. Delegate from 1789â€1797. On September 15, 1794, Madison married Dolley Payne Todd,â a widow and socialite who set the example for the conduct of White House first women for a considerable length of time to come. She was a popular leader all through Jeffersons and Madisons time in office, holding friendly gatherings with the two sides of the Congress in participation. She and Madison had no kids, in spite of the fact that John Payne Todd (1792â€1852), Dolleys child from her first marriage, was raised by the couple; her child William had kicked the bucket in the 1793 yellow fever pestilence that executed her significant other. In light of the Alien and Sedition Acts, in 1798 Madison drafted the Virginia Resolutions, a work that was hailed by enemies of federalists. He was secretary of state under President Thomas Jefferson from 1801â€1809. Ban Act and the Presidency By 1807, Madison and Jefferson got frightened at expanding gives an account of changes in Europe recommending that Britain would before long do battle with Napoleons France. The two forces pronounced war and requested that different countries expected to focus on a side. Since neither the Congress nor the organization were prepared for full scale war, Jefferson required a quick ban on all American delivery. That, said Madison, would shield American vessels from practically certain seizure, and deny European countries of a required exchange that may compel them to permit the U.S. to stay impartial. Passed on December 22, 1807, the Embargo Act would before long demonstrate disagreeable, a disagreeability that in the end prompted U.S. contribution in the War of 1812. In the 1808 political race, Jefferson bolstered Madisons selection to run, and George Clinton was picked to be his VP. He ran against Charles Pinckney, who had restricted Jefferson in 1804. Pinckneys battle revolved around Madisons job with the Embargo Act; in any case, Madison won 122 of the 175 appointive votes. Arranging Neutrality Right off the bat in 1808, Congress supplanted the Embargo Act with the Non-Intercourse Act, which permitted the U.S. to exchange with all countries aside from France and Great Britain in light of the assaults on American transportation by those two countries. Madison offered to exchange with either country on the off chance that it would quit hassling American boats. In any case, neither concurred. In 1810, Macons Bill No. 2 was passed, revoking the Non-Intercourse Act and supplanting that with a guarantee that whichever country would quit badgering American boats would be supported and the U.S. would quit exchanging with the other country. France consented to this and the British kept on halting American ships and intrigue mariners. By 1811, Madison effortlessly won the renomination for the Democratic-Republicans, regardless of being restricted by DeWitt Clinton. The battles principle issue was the War of 1812, and Clinton endeavored to speak to both those for and against the war. Madison won with 128 out of 146 votes. War of 1812: Mr. Madisons War At the point when Madison began his subsequent organization, the British were still coercively assaulting American boats, holding onto their freight, and dazzling their mariners. Madison requested that Congress pronounce war: however support for it was a long way from consistent. The war, now and then called the Second War for Independence (since it brought about the finish of U.S. monetary reliance on Britain), pitted a scarcely arranged U.S. against the very much prepared power that was Great Britain. On June 18, 1812, Madison marked an announcement of war against Great Britain, after Congress, without precedent for American history, casted a ballot to proclaim war against another country. Americas first fight was a calamity called the Surrender of Detroit: The British, drove by Major General Isaac Brock, and Native American partners, drove by the Shawnee head Tecumseh, assaulted the port city of Detroit on August 15â€16, 1812. U.S. Brigadier General William Hull gave up the town and post, notwithstanding having a bigger armed force. America fared better on the oceans, and in the end retook Detroit. The British walked on Washington in 1814, and on August 23 they assaulted and consumed the White House. Dolley Madison broadly remained in the White House until she guaranteed that numerous national fortunes were spared. The New England Federalists met at the Hartford Convention in late 1814 to examine pulling out of the war, and there was even discuss severance at the show. In any case, on December 24, 1814, the U.S. also, Great Britain consented to the Treaty of Ghent, which finished the battling yet settled none of the pre-war issues. Retirement After his presidential term in office finished, Madison resigned to his manor in Virginia. Be that as it may, he despite everything remained associated with political talk. He spoke to his district at the Virginia Constitutional Convention (1829). He additionally criticized invalidation, the possibility that states could manage government laws illegal. His Virginia Resolutions were frequently refered to as a point of reference for this however he put stock in the quality of the association most importantly. He played a position of authority in the development of the University of Virginia, particularly after Thomas Jeffersons demise in 1826. Madison was likewise a slave proprietor Montpelier had 118 slaves at a certain point who helped found the infamous American Colonization Society to help resettle liberated blacks in what might become Liberia, Africa. Demise In spite of the fact that Madison stayed enthusiastic and dynamic during his initial retirement, starting after his 80th birthday celebration in 1829, he started to experience the ill effects of longer and longer spells of fever and stiffness. Inevitably he was restricted to Montpelier, in spite of the fact that he kept working when he could through the winter of 1835â€1836. On June 27, 1836, he went through a few hours composing a card to say thanks to George Tucker, who had devoted his account of Thomas Jefferson to him. He kicked the bucket the following day. Heritage James Madison was in power a